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1.1.14. Logical and physical program-data independence

  • Three tier data-model diagram
  • Mappings, Data independence
    • Logical
      • between conceptual and external
      • changes to conceptual without changing
        • external schemas or application programs
    • Physical
      • between internal and conceptual
      • changes to internal without changing
        • conceptual or external schemas

    database three tiers external conceptual internal

    ‹ 1.1.13. Program-operation independenceup1.1.15. DBMS Requirements ›
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